Rhetorical Analysis of President Roosevelts Pearl Harbor Speech

Expository Analysis of President Roosevelt's Pearl Harbor Speech The Pearl Harbor address to the country is likely one of the most well known talks made all through time. In this exposition I will assess the logical viability of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's popular discourse and show that his discourse is an effective contention for the United States of America. I will concentrate on the speaker's believability, all the various interests made all through the discourse, just as the reason and the crowd of the discourse. Additionally, I will talk about whether there are any consistent paradoxes that may have debilitated his discourse. President Roosevelt does a couple of explicit things to have the option to set up his believability as a speaker. Since Roosevelt was the present president, the United States was slanted to hear him out and accept what he was stating. Being the president, the individuals realized that he was a sound source to get data from. The president had additionally been selected Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1920. This shows he had involvement in the United States military administrations and realized how to deal with the Pearl Harbor circumstance. Roosevelt?s discourse is short, yet it despite everything uses tenderness, ethos, and logos and has recently enough detail to tell the world what was happening. The writer of this exposition is Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He was the leader of the United States at the hour of the Pearl Harbor assault. The motivation behind this discourse was to educate the whole United States about what had happened the day preceding at Pearl Harbor. The country was to be cautioned that the United States would pronounce war against Japan. The target group is everybody in the United States. President Roosevelt ef... ... was an elegantly composed and truly sound discourse that President Roosevelt provided for the United States of America. Through all the various interests he makes a fruitful contention for pronouncing was. He offers numerous expressions that could have just been made by somebody who truly recognized what was happening. With the real factors he demonstrates that he knows what he is discussing and that everybody ought to trust him. This discourse gave the perfect measure of data to have the option to tell individuals what was happening without an excessive amount of detail that may befuddle them. The president didn't submit sensible false notions in his discourse. It was carefully realities and occasions that had occurred. The way that there are no intelligent deceptions makes it a progressively valid discourse, just as a fruitful contention. In this way, this discourse was exceptionally effective in how the thoughts were assembled and composed.

Archaeology of Ancient People

Neediness and how it connects to globalization (Africa) - Research Paper Example African nations are less inclined to profit by globalization because of the way that they are at the most reduced reconciliation level with the remainder of the world (Docquier and Hillel 690). As much as possible influence the development of an area in a positive manner, the case in Africa is extraordinary. For example, African states need to keep up a solid and stable large scale monetary system just as leading major institutional changes like advancement of good administration in the entirety of its edges. This paper is demonstrating why Africa despite everything endures hurtful financial frameworks, strife, natural issues and populace development in spite of being presented to globalization. Progressives see globalization as the best device of assuaging destitution and giving the poor a safe situation from which they can gain further ground in the worldwide economy (Kacowicz 570). In Africa, the patriots battled for autonomy as a result of monetary misuse by their different pioneer powers. In spite of globalization, Africans are as yet stifled monetarily through the European Imperialism, whereby the principal world nations from the west adventure the underdeveloped nations in Africa. This implies African states are as yet constrained by western powers through marking of exchange agreements, some of which have ominous conditions. Most African economies rely upon one a solitary fare, which is horticultural produce; consequently they need expansion (De Janvry and Elisabeth 20). Over the previous decades, the market estimation of Africa’s horticultural produce has been decaying in the midst of the consistent increasing expense of imports to Africa. This shows the current worldwide market drawbacks these mono-economies, as they need to drastically so as to pay for a similar measure of imports. For example, in 1962, it took two tons of sisal send out in Tanzania to pay for the import of one tractor (Cooksey and Tim 1). The case was diverse in 1980 since Tanzania needed to trade six tons of sisal so as to pay for the

How Weather Effected The Operation Of The Dessert Storm Term Paper

How Weather Effected The Operation Of The Dessert Storm Term Paper How Weather Effected The Operation Of The Dessert Storm â€" Term Paper Example > INTRODUCTIONOperation desert storm event is a ground and air assault which was the first part of the military operation against the Iraq forces that are said to have invaded Kuwait. Greenberg and Walter eds. , (1993) describe operation desert storm as a military event embedded in a much wider military-political campaign (Greenberg and Walter eds. , 1993). The military event popularly known as the first Gulf War was a successful U. S allied response to Iraq's attempt to overwhelm neighboring Kuwait. Waged by Iraq, the military campaign was aimed at gaining political and economic hegemony over the Persian Gulf region. This war began on July 1990 after the defense intelligence agency said that a brigade of the Hammurabi division of the Iraq defense force had actually moved to the southern part of Iraq which is opposite the southern border with Kuwait (Finlan, 2003). Reports claim that the war ended within a period of one hundred hours where the American soldiers defeated the Iraq for ces in a ground operation in the year 1991. The gulf war or the Persian war which was between Iraq and the Kuwait allies which were the United States of America and Kuwait led to the liberation of Kuwait from Iraq invaders (Gordon and Bernard, 1995). The coalition force composed of thirty nations that jointly launched air strikes on the Iraq forces that were in Kuwait including a number of Iraq targets in the Iraq proper took at least thirty eight days and were overwhelmingly conducted by the united states of America and the British war planes. The Operation desert storm event eventually led to Kuwait's liberation in 1991. In addition, the battlefield brought a new era of military technology as air force weather forecasting technology (Schubert Kraus, 1995). Historical backgroundOperation desert storm is one of the military operations said to have been a military political campaign wedged against Iraq as an attempt to overwhelm neighboring Kuwait. The operation desert storm which is also referred to as the first gulf war is said to have been successful according to the United States of America allies in the retaliation response to save the Kuwait (Allen, Clinton Berry Norman, 1991). All this happened due to Kuwait’s request to be liberated in the year 1991. Kuwait is said to have been a British protectorate back in the years of 1889 and the British forces are said to have protected the area until 1961 and Kuwait was initially part of Iraq until the year 1923 when the borders are said to have been drawn. After the end of the British protection, Kuwait joined the Arab league something that Iraq objected so much claiming that Kuwait was actually part of its territory. This led to the formation of the constitution by the Kuwait leadership in the year 1963 (Clancy and Fred, 1997). By January 23, the Emir held the executive power and organized a group of ministers elected a national assembly. Sources claim that later on in the course of the year Iraq gave up its claims on the Kuwait territory but later on started claiming it again under its regime leader who was a dictator and a desperate man Sadam Hussein and therefore he invaded it again (Friedman, 1991). This was followed by a series of threats from Iraq to Kuwait and surprised the whole world when he later on invaded it, it is said that it took Sadam Hussein hours to seize a large portion of the Kuwait territory like the down town city to the south border of Saudi Arabia (Gellman, 1991). Despite warning from the United States for Iraq to evacuate the Territory of Kuwait, Sadam Hussein the president of Iraq defiled the warnings and appeals. The Iraq regime defied the United Nations resolutions and by the 17th of January its soldiers were still in Kuwait (Freedman and Karsh, 1993).

William Shakespeare s Play Othello - 1266 Words

Vonelle Robertson Professor Wells Com 2 December 3rd, 2014 Drama Research Paper Shakespeare’s Play Othello is one of the more notable plays produced during his playwright tenure, the play starts off with Othello who is a moor but the general of the Venetian Army. In this particular play Shakespeare placed several different themes throughout the play but two of the main themes were Love and Race. Othello is strong, confident man he is the head of one the most prestigious armies in all Europe. But with all that success Othello had envious people watching gain all this success, one of the people’s name is Iago who. The straw that finally broke the camel’s back is when Othello eloped with the beautiful Desdemona daughter of Venetian senator Brabantio. She disappoints her father by having wed the moor Othello and he disowns her for having done such a deed. Brabantio even said to Othello that Desdemona would betray him just like she betrayed her father. In fact, being that Othello was from a foreign land and he was dark skinned this angered Iago even more to the point that he concocted an elaborate story to break up Desdemona and Othello. Iago manipulated Othello into believing that his sweet, loving was an adulteress and has lain with none other than Michael Cassio. Othello has great love for Desdemona so when he hears this news he becomes enraged. Through all the adversity he has faced for marrying Desdemona, he was even accused by Brabantio of using trickery because heShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello Is A Play About Human Nature And Relationships1400 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare s Othello is a play about human nature and relationships. By studying these human relationships, differences in race, gender and class suggest that as in all other societies, Venetian society consists both of empowered groups, and constrained groups. These relationships, discussed with reference to Othello, Desdemona, Iago, Emilia, Cassi o, Bianca, Lodovico and a number of other characters, are revealed through words and actions. The relationship between Iago and Emilia is a superb exampleRead MoreUse Of Illusion And Hide Reality Plays A Heavy Role On William Shakespeare s Othello 947 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of illusion to hide reality plays a heavy role in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†. Illusion is used frequently throughout the play in relation to love, friendship and character personalities. Some characters, especially Othello, cannot see through the illusion and assume what they see as reality. Iago, however, uses this to his advantage by creating multiple illusions to manipulate the other characters for power and revenge. Iago is seen by most of the characters as an honest and trustworthyRead MoreBetraying and Lying in Othello by William Shakespeare1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthe root of all evil today. People have made it an everyday thing to lie and betray people just because they like to see people broken in misery. People also lie and betray people because of jealousy they may have towards them. The tragedy of Othello explains why some people are not trustworthy. Just because some people feel like they are miserable, they try everything in their power to make the other individual miserable as well. Enemies come in different colors, shapes, and forms, making itRead MoreThe Concept Of Iago By William Shakespeare1163 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Concept of Iago† William Shakespeare’s plays all have a common theme: death. There is almost always death, and the play of â€Å"Othello† is no different since it ends in a â€Å"tragedy.† It begins with a man named Iago who speaks to Roderigo of how he should have received the position of lieutenant that was instead given to Cassio, a inexperienced man in his words, by Othello, the General. Iago shows distaste towards Othello, the play then goes through the story of Iago attempting to receive the positionRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words   |  6 Pagesown demise. William Shakespeare’s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values are evident in the context of the Venetian society that Othello takes place in. Through Othello Shakespeare embodies hisRead MoreThe Secret River By Kate Grenville And William Shakespeare1467 Words   |  6 PagesHow has the Kate Grenville and William Shakespeare used compositional features to express both similar and different ideas of difference and power? The Secret River, set in England and Australia, was written by Kate Grenville in 2006. William Shakespeare’s play Othello was written in 1603 and set in Venice. Kate Grenville and William Shakespeare used compositional features to express both similar and different ideas of difference and power. They have cohesive ideas of power such as the use of structureRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s All The World s A Stage 1540 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1102 17 April 2017 Research Paper William Shakespeare once said, All the World’s a Stage —and now his quote can be applied to his literature within his tragedies (William Shakespeare 1). The generation of people today have a much different definition of tragedies than people did during the Shakespearean times. Shakespeare’s tragedies involve a protagonist whose character is developed so that it is clear that he is a heroic figure in the setting of the play, but he has a flaw which leads to hisRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages scrutinizing the ills of their society and portraying them for the world to see. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s most distinguished dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems and a few other verses. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more oftenRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare757 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare uses many literary devices to enhance and provide greater complexity in his works. More specifically, the theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony are used to enrich Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello. The plot is definitely engaging but the theme allows for an universal human correspondence, furthering the depth of the author’s message. The element of symbolism contributes to the theme of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Symbolism expressesRead MoreAnalysis Of Sax s Film Othello 1457 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Sax s advanced retelling of William Shakespeare s Othello can control Shakespeare s unique ideas in spite of the time period and connection in which both writings happen, while investigating the all inclusive topics of prejudice, misogyny and force. Shakespeare s play reflects conventional Elizabethan connections and qualities in its investigation of such ideas amidst a catastrophe impelled on by misleading and desirously (Aebischer 12). On th e other hand, Geoffrey Sax s 2001 representation

Childhood Obesity A Social Issue - 1714 Words

Gone are the days that kids would beg for the chance to play outside. My grandfather often reminisces about his childhood, when the lack of technological entertainment had very little sway over how he and his childhood friends spent their time. Most days were spent playing outdoors, riding bikes, playing baseball, or simply just running around and getting into trouble. These days however, technological advances such as smartphones, television, and tablets, have turned children’s attention away from the great outdoors. Many days are now spent staring mindlessly into a digital screen. While this may be keeping kids out of trouble, it is also causing detrimental effects on their health. With such a sedentary lifestyle, mixed with a diet that is high in sugar and empty calories, it is no wonder that childhood obesity has gripped the nation (Schmidt, 2003). Childhood obesity is a social issue that is affecting the lives of many young Americans, and children around the World. Accor ding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a person is termed obese if he or she has an excess of body fat in relation to their body mass (CDC, 2015). This is usually the result of a higher intake of calories in conjunction with a low activity level (CDC, 2015). For a long time, obesity and its health related conditions were thought to only exist in the older generations (Daniels, 2006). However, these conditions are now being seen in children, and with rapid frequency (Daniels,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Largest Problems That Plague America? Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the largest problems that plague America? Most would argue that issues such as mass hunger, climate change and poverty are the most prominent difficulties that the United States faces. While these things are important, and do have a great impact on the country, there is another large and often forgotten issue that faces America: childhood obesity. This nationwide problem is also direc tly harmful to the strength and conditioning industry. Physical education classes are failing to involveRead MoreChildhood Obesity : How Has This Become A Problem1218 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity: How Has This Become a Problem and What Can Be Done to Fix it? Childhood obesity is affecting 1 out 3 kids in our society. These children are being classified as being obese or overweight. Obesity has gained recognition as an important worldwide public problem and in the U.S., appears to be overtaking tobacco use as the number one cause of preventable death (Dennison, B. A., Edmunds, L. S., Stratton, H. H., Pruzek, R. M. (2006). This is the first time we have ever seen our childrenRead MoreBackground and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care1003 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Process to Problems in Health Care Childhood Obesity HCS/465 August 2, 2012 Donald Steacy Introduction The purpose of the paper is to show how to develop and understand methodology of the research process when pertaining to health care. The process consists of retrieving a peer-reviewed article and applying the research methodology to the article selected. The article selected for the research methodology was Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Crisis written by SameeraRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic In Our Nation.1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Seema Patel A Capstone Proposal Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Healthcare Administration KAPLAN UNIVERSITY March 2017 The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Childhood obesity is a greatest public health concern in our nation because it has an immediate and long-term effect on morbidity and mortality later in life. Experts in this epidemic suggest that there isRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasingRead MoreEssay on Policy Priority Issue1648 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy Priority Issue: The Childhood Obesity Pandemic Marla C. Khalikov Chamberlain College of Nursing NR506 – 10999: Health Care Policy Winter 2014 Policy Priority Issue: The Childhood Obesity Pandemic Childhood obesity is a global pandemic requiring prioritization in policy and health care reform. It has many effects on acute and long term health, including increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. This paper addressesRead MoreTaking a Look at Childhood Obesity1842 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does childhood obesity means? Obesity can be defined as a condition in which the body carries abnormal or unhealthy amounts of fat tissue, leading the individual to weigh in excess or 20 percent more than his or her ideal weight (Health Illness).Obesity in America is an ever-growing problem and has boosted America to the number one spot in terms of obese population. It also stands as the most prevalent medical issue in American Children. In the past thirty years, obesity has affected manyRead MoreChildhood Obesity And The United States1286 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood Obesity in America Since 1980 the rates of child obesity have more than tripled which has caused a growing pandemic of childhood obesity in the United States. Out of all the young children and adolescents within the age group of two through nineteen about 12.7 million are obese. That is the equivalent of about 17% of America’s population that is suffering from childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is too prevalent in all American households. Childhood obesity is detrimental on a nationalRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay examples1472 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica childhood obesity was rarely a topic of conversation. A survey done in the early 1970s showed that 6.1% of children between the ages 12 and 19 were overweight. Eight years later the same survey was done and 17.4% were considered overweight (Iannelli). â€Å"Childhood obesity epidemic in America is now a confirmed fact since the number of overweight or obese children has more than tripled during the last 30 years† (Childhood Obesity Epidemic). â€Å"Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in childrenRead MorePhysical Activity Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Worldwide, we need to know also learn how physical activity has the potential to prevent health risks from young children. One of these health risks is obesity, which affects Middle Childhood children from the ages of 6 - 11years of age. Therefore, how has society prevented childhood obesity and what strategies can be implemented to develop and promote awareness of physical activity amongst children? If young children are to be educated and advised about the important benefits of

E-Tailing Persuasive Message Free Essays

E-Tailing Many retailers have expanded their retail market to an online market. Using the internet to sell their goods is known as e commerce. â€Å"Ecommerce allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance† (Network Solutions, n. We will write a custom essay sample on E-Tailing Persuasive Message or any similar topic only for you Order Now d. ). E commerce has expanded rapidly in recent years due to its convenience for the consumer and the increase in businesses that use electronic retailing (e-tailing). Businesses use different marketing methods in order to reach their customers and attract new ones. Direct Marketing Direct marketing is when businesses sell a product or service directly to the consumer (B2C). With direct marketing, businesses have several options in marketing to their consumers. Businesses can use direct mail, television ads, and internet marketing just to name a few. There has been a rise in direct marketing in recent years. The use of direct marketing can be more costs effective for a business without having the additional cost of the overhead of a traditional store. Amazon. com took book stores to the next level when they began their website selling books via the internet in the mid 1990s. Some companies such as skin care products Proactiv and Skin ID advertise on television and direct you to their websites to purchase their products. Businesses can reach customers directly through email when they sign up for mailing lists. Emails Businesses will contact customers directly through email. This happens often with existing customers. Wells Fargo bank will contact their customers with special offers of products and services with occasional emails. Other businesses will email their customers coupons to draw them into their stores. Baskin Robins ice cream lure their customers in their stores with email coupons promising them free ice cream on their birthday. Email marketing that offers customers special savings and free products can be a very effective marketing tool. Websites Internet consumers can find great deals on travel when they go to travel websites such as Expedia and Travelocity where customers can purchase airfare, rental cars and hotels. Many of these sites offer price matching and other incentive when consumers book their travel plans with their company. They also allow the customer to comparison shop different travel deals in order to eliminate confusion for the consumer. Click-and-Mortar A popular trend in e tailing has been click-and-mortar retailers. Click-and-mortar is typically when e-tailers have an existing store and have branched out into selling their products online (Turban, et al, 2008). Many retailers have expanded their stores to an online market with their stores websites. Stores such as Walmart and Best Buy have tapped into this market. Some of these retailers have some products that are only available for purchase online. Best Buy for example, will sell products that were available at one time in their retail stores but are now only available online. There has also been a shift with e-tailers have moved from internet only to physical brick-and-mortar stores. They have taken a popular, successful way of shopping and brought it to consumers in a traditional way. These e-tailers turned brick-and-mortar as well as those who rely solely on direct marketing can target their consumers with emails, banner ads on popular websites such as social networking sites, and with internet mailing lists. Some businesses do not have enough of a market for their goods to convert to a click-and-mortar retailer â€Å"because they would not have enough consumers† (Turban, et al, 2008). When e-tailers are trying to attract potential customers, no matter what medium they use all messages must follow a similar model. The sender must make clear the purpose of the message, choose the best media for their message, and the technology they will use to deliver the message. When a business chooses the right forum they can be very effective in e tailing. Persuasive Message Member of the Community, Your local City Animal Shelter is making the move into becoming a no kill shelter by the year 2012. We are asking the residents of this city to assist us in meeting this goal by participating in our upcoming low cost spay and neutering clinics. We are also asking for your donations in order to get our new training program up and running so that we may train some of our older dogs to assist the elderly and disabled members of our community. Although the number of animals that are being euthanized is on the decline, any animal put to death is a precious life lost. Countless numbers of animals are being senselessly euthanized as a matter of population control. In order to reach our goals, the shelter plans to begin training as many of the older animals as service dogs because these animals are the least likely to be adopted out and the most likely to be euthanized. Hosting a low cost vaccination clinic will help reduce the number of strays and unwanted animals in the community. Euthanizing animals can no longer be used as a method of population control. We must begin to use our cities unwanted animals in order to help our neighbors in the community that need our help. Please help us by participating in our spay and neutering clinics or with a contribution to get our program off and running. Together we can make this a no kill city and improve the quality of life for our cities elderly and disabled. Sincerely, Your City Animal Shelter References Network Solutions. (n. d. ). What is Ecommerce? Retrieved, May 10, 2010, from http://www. networksolutions. com/education/what-is-ecommerce/ Turban, E. , King, D. , McKay, J. , Marshall, P. , Lee, J. , Viehland, D. (2008). Electronic commerce 2008: A managerial perspective (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. How to cite E-Tailing Persuasive Message, Essays

Leadership effectiveness in the film Elizabeth

Introduction The movie Elizabeth starts with the coronation ceremony of Princess Elizabeth who then becomes Queen. She is depicted as a warm hearted and blameless person who must take on the enormous task of leading her people. However, she steps up and rules England in the midst of plots by close allies to oust her, turmoil in the nation concerning religion and pressure from foreign nations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership effectiveness in the film Elizabeth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report will analyse her effectiveness based on the Dubrin model and then look at other theories on leadership effectiveness with regard to Elizabeth I’s reign. Lastly, the report will compare the usefulness of the model in leadership effectiveness assessment. Discussion Dubrin’s model Dubrin et. al. (2006) assert that leadership effectiveness needs to be analysed through three parameters and thes e include cognitive skills, personality traits as well as the behavioural approach. In the film Elizabeth is depicted as one who created a relationship with her followers. In other words, she was empathetic towards them and sensitive to their needs. She displayed this when she struck a compromise with the religious leaders of her time thus illustrating that she had put herself in her citizens’ shoes. She knew that her people valued spiritual connection rather than the supreme rule of law so she was able to alter her ambitions in order to satisfy this need in the population. Elizabeth 1’s sensitivity to her followers is what inspired many to get influenced by her and to follow her lead. Indeed another personality trait that caused her success is emotional intelligence. When one is emotionally intelligent then one is passionate about task, one is self confident and visionary. Elizabeth the first was able to demonstrate her emotional intelligence through her self confiden ce. She could keep her emotions in check even during trying times. Dubrin et al (2006) affirm that great leaders are always calm and predictable during a crisis. This leader had heard about plots to oust her from her throne and she responded to them in a very calm way.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance when she hears about Mary of Guise who is now allying with external forces i.e. the French in order to attack England, she uses her ally to tackle these issues. At the beginning of the film, Elizabeth appears to be this innocent and sweet lady. However, if she had chosen to remain that way in the midst of all these planned attacks and plots then she would have lost the throne and England would be in jeopardy. Consequently, Elizabeth acts in response to her environment and thus secures the future of her kingdom. She thought through these issues and knew that the onl y way she could deal with a possible dethronement would be to handle the instigators of the crime. Clearly, this was a crisis but she handled it in swiftly and calmly. Elizabeth I was the daughter of King Henry the Eighth and his second wife. She was not wanted and her childhood had not been that great. In the film, one can see this from the fact that she has been jailed by her half sister Mary I who believed that Elizabeth was conspiring to dethrone her. This is something that could have put Elizabeth’s spirits down but she did not let it get to her. Furthermore, she steps into a highly charged political environment dominated by men who each want to have their own way. These adversities would have caused her to lose enthusiasm for her role as leader of England. Elizabeth I never succumbs to these pressures. She always remains enthusiastic and that was the reason why she managed to do so well during her reign. Dubrin et. al. (2006) explain that followers tend to respond well to enthusiastic leaders because they feed off that energy. Most will be motivated to act in accordance to their leader’s assertions because they will be switched on. Similarly, Queen Elizabeth was enthusiastic about her tasks despite her circumstances before her inauguration and also when she started leading. This was definitely an aspect that contributed towards her effectiveness as a leader.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Leadership effectiveness in the film Elizabeth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One ought to be a servant leader in order to be effective. This is a crucial aspect of the behavioural aspects of a leader (Luthans, 1992). Here, individuals need to think of their followers above everything else. They often make sacrifices on behalf of those individuals and also must display elements of honesty and appreciation of others. In this case, it can be said that Queen Elizabeth I slipped when i t came to this matter. At the end of the film, Queen Elizabeth takes up the persona of the Virgin Queen through her costume and make up. She is therefore sending the wrong message to her followers by claiming to be something she is not. Elizabeth I had an affair with Dudley and this takes up an immense portion of the movie. As a servant leader, Elizabeth should have behaved in an ethical manner because effective leaders are honest. She is expected to say something and then follow through on it. Indeed good leaders should never be satisfied with simply telling people what they expect to hear but they need to walk the talk. Leaders’ words should always match their deeds so when Elizabeth proclaimed herself as the Virgin Queen of England then she was being hypocritical. In this regard, she was ineffective because she did not exercise servant leadership (Bennis, 1989). Cognitive skills are a crucial part of leadership assessment as laid out in the Dubrin model; one must posses pr oblem solving skills in order to forge ahead as a leader. Elizabeth came into power at a time when England was viewed as discontented. The country was grappling with religious problems and was faced by various threats to the throne. Queen Elizabeth the First was able to handle these problems successfully and thus guaranteed peace and stability in her country. She was excellent at solving problems. Other rulers would not have thought of the creative solutions that she proposed and implemented with regard to the religious matters. She also solved the ruling question by choosing to stay unmarried. If she had accepted proposals by the French suitor or the Spanish one, England would have to surrender to French or Spanish rule. If she got married to someone in England then she would have immediately relinquished her throne.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Queen Elizabeth therefore made the best decision by refusing to get married to anyone hence proclaiming herself as the Virgin Queen; married only to England. These sharp problem solving skills are what led to her success and remembrance. Another cognitive skill that that makes Queen Elizabeth I stand out is her imagination and creativity. Dubrin et al (2006) explain that effective leaders need to be willing to experiment. In the film, this element comes out when one looks at the Queen’s management of her relationship with Philip the Second of Spain. At the time, Philip was a Catholic and yet her country was going through this great Protestant reformation so she knew that acceptance of the proposal would be detrimental to her countrymen. On the other hand, she could not just let go of him because this relationship could be of use to her. At the time, there were negotiations going on with the French concerning political matters. England needed to have an upper hand in these neg otiations and Elizabeth I came up with the perfect solution. She kept the Spaniard suitor at arm’s length so that the French could think that Spain was on England’s side. She was creative about this problem and it proved to be effective for her. One can definitely learn from such a leader because she managed to use her imagination in order to secure the future of her country with their adversaries (Draft, 1999). In terms of behavioural approaches to leadership, Queen Elizabeth was transformational because her leadership was strategic, and she made positive changes in England (Bass Avolio, 1994). She knew that in order for England to move forward, she needed to instate uniformity of leadership. Nonetheless, she could not do this without the senior clergy’s involvement so she articulated her vision to them and this eventually contributed towards their support. She was not naive enough to think that people would simply obey her blindly. Queen Elizabeth felt that t he only way to end the conflict arising from religious differences would be to convince stakeholders. By talking to them about her idea, she got them to be conscious of the other points of view. Furthermore, she stimulated their minds to think of others’ interests rather than their own. Instead of just focusing on what each side could accomplish out of the impasse, Elizabeth caused them to imagine what the country would achieve. In other words, they now started considering the long term implications of their tasks. They also saw that change was needed sooner rather than later. These were all elements of transformational leadership. A transformational leader usually articulates a vision for the future as Elizabeth did. He or she also thinks about problems in new ways and encourages innovation as was the case with the Queen. Transformational leaders are charismatic and often cause others to be respectful or proud of them. These were all qualities that she possessed especially w ith regard to the religious issue. Transformational leadership also requires support from the concerned individuals. This implies that one should always recognise and encourage followers. This aspect was not just illustrated when Elizabeth I needed to convince them about religious uniformity, it also came out when they were going to implement the policy. The Bishops of the Anglican Church started facing hostilities from parliament through the House of Commons. They needed to have support from a higher authority and Elizabeth stepped in to assure them. Transformational leaders always encourage their followers and empower them in order to achieve their goals (Avolio, 1994). This was definitely an important element in bringing out her effectiveness. As one goes through the film, one soon realizes that Queen Elizabeth the First refrained from making sweeping measures in her group of council members. She appeared to work hand in hand with people who were already appointed in the previous era. In fact, the film does not make any reference to fresh changes in memberships of councils. Historical records illustrate that when Queen Elizabeth was elected to the throne, she did not carry out sweeping reforms of the Privy Council. In other words, she just chose a few members who would assist the former ones in carrying out their roles. She built a trustworthy team of Councilmen by selecting individuals who could carry forward with work done by others yet at the same time retained the best of the former team. This illustrates that leaders need not alter things as soon as they ascend to power. They can look at how things are functioning and then instate changes slowly. The Queen’s manner of choosing a team actually serves as a good example of what effective team building should really be. This is illustrative of the situational leadership model. Here, an effective leader is one that selects the best leadership style depending on the concerned group members and their r eadiness. These last two factors will determine whether leadership behaviours will either be task centred or relationship centred. When group members are unwilling, unable and insecure then leadership behaviours should be highly directed. In this case, the Council did not fall in this category. When group members are willing followers but unable and confident then leadership behaviour should also be directive but this time more explanatory so that members can understand. Elizabeth 1’s team also did not fall in this category. If group members are able but unwilling or are insecure then a leader should not be directive. Leadership should be participative so that decision making and idea sharing are facilitated. In other words, one should work on the relationship aspect more the task based aspect. Queen Elizabeth’s group members did fall in this category. She therefore won their support by facilitating participation. It should be noted that she did not delegate all the re sponsibilities and decisions to the Council because the members were not all willing. Most of them thought that she was not ready to perform as a Monarch so she needed to win their support. On the other hand, she could not hand over everything to them. The Queen was therefore an effective leader because of the manner in which she chose leadership behaviours. In this case, it can be asserted that she considered the confidence, ability and willingness of her team before she could choose her approach in just the same manner as it is outlined in the situational leadership model (Judge et. al., 2002). Application of other theories on leadership to the film Aside from the Dubrin model of leadership effectiveness, one can also utilise the normative decision model to assess leadership effectiveness in the film. The model attempts to lay out what should happen and what actually occurs within the decision making environment. In this model, leadership is assumed to improve if the concerned lea der involves members of the group or if the leader is more participative. However, that is dependent on the effects of the decision. If the decision will heavily impact followers then one should reconsider one’s level of involvement in it. When Elizabeth made the decision to unify the church, she was aware of the fact that this matter would heavily impact the church and other citizens. Consequently, she needed to get input from them. In terms of this parameter, she therefore did not do this effectively. In this model one also needs to think about the importance of gaining commitment from those being led. If this is vital then one should not decide on one’s own. Queen Elizabeth should have obtained the clergy’s opinion on the matter and then made the decision on religion. She did this independent of them and only went to them after she had made her decision privately. One can say that she impeded the possibility of getting one hundred percent commitment from thes e group members. However, this issue of the importance of getting commitment from team members can be overridden by the likelihood of getting commitment from the group if one chose to make the decision by oneself. Elizabeth I knew that she would still get support from the clergy if she made the decision by herself. Consequently, she was effective in this regard because she took a risk and went on and followed through. Effective leaders should also consider how important team competence is before they can consult or delegate decisions to them. In this case, Elizabeth I knew that the clergy were not capable of coming up with a selfless decision so it would have been wrong to give them those powers. It is likely that they would not have struck a compromise since they would mostly be interested in pushing their agenda. In this regard, the Queen was right to make the decision on her own. According to the Normative decision model, Elizabeth I was right in making the religious decision on her own because; it was likely that she would get commitment from the team, the team was not competent enough to make the decision on their own and the decision was going to be very crucial to the success of the clergy. These reasons are more compelling and greater in number than the reasons that would have led her to be more participative in making this decision (Vroom and Yetton, 1973). Vecchio (1987) explains how situational leadership theory is useful in assessment of leadership as well. According to adherents of this theory, one should choose to be either task centred or relationship centred depending on the circumstances. One can analyse Elizabeth’s effectiveness based on these factors. According to Fielder (1967) one should adopt a task motivated style only when there is a low degree of control in the situation. Here, the relationship between the group and the leader is poor and the tasks involved are poorly structured. One instance when these situations existed was wh en Elizabeth wanted to pass the uniformity Act. She had a poor relationship with herself and the bishops that were incarcerated. Therefore, she needed to use a task based approach. The only problem is that she did not identify the rights tasks- incarceration was not the right way to go; this made her ineffective. On the other hand, one should go for a relationship centred style when intermediate control exists. This means that the situation should have a combination of both unfavourable and favourable traits. In the film, such a situation occurred when Elizabeth needed to deal with the two foreign suitors. She had moderate control over these two individuals and needed to motivate them on relational basis. She kept one suitor at arm’s length so as to triumph in peace negotiations with France. She therefore adopted a relationship approach and this worked well for her; Elizabeth I was effective in this regard. The socio independent leader should be taken on when control is reall y high. This occurred when the Queen heard about the betrayal of her cousin. She did not consult with anyone and needed to act socio independently. In the Path goal leadership theory, Robert house claims that leaders need to motivate subordinates. In other words, they must stress the relationship between the path used to achieve a goal and the goal itself (House, 1996). Leaders ought to do this by relating organisational goals and the needs of subordinates. Queen Elizabeth was able to do this when convincing the clergy about the need to have a uniform religion across England. She illustrated to them that the country’s success was at stake and since living in a peaceful environment was an important goal for the clergy then Elizabeth I was effective in this sense. In this theory, leaders are also expected to look at the characteristics of a certain situation and then modify their behaviour in accordance. Queen Elizabeth I exercised this principle because she was always rethinki ng her strategies depending on the situation under consideration. When obstacles came her way, she always reacted to them very promptly by eliminating them. Also, at the beginning of the film, she starts as a very warm and innocent individual but when she analyses the people she has to work with, she soon realises that she has to be tough with them so she uses a different approach when handling them. She was therefore effective in these terms. As one looks at the kind of leadership in the film, it is critical to think about gender and how this relates to leadership since the main character was a woman. Studies carried out by Heilman et. al (1989) illustrate that followers tend to hold certain stereotypes about female leaders. Some of them believe that male leaders are more effective than female leaders. However, this does not necessarily imply that the leaders’ actions will be affected by followers’ expectations of them. Elizabeth I illustrated this when she rose to th e occasion and defied her team members’ expectations of her. Eagly Johnson (1990) examined the leadership styles of a number of women and found that they were more interpersonal than task oriented. Men were found to be more directive and autocratic while their female counterparts were found to be more participative and democratic. They also found that female leaders tended to be more transformational than transactional. In other words, women motivated their subordinates more than did the males. On the other hand, men were focused on current needs of their followers and were not as engaged in motivation as women. These findings were affirmed by Druskat (1994). On the other hand, Komives (1991a) claimed that there were no major differences between the genders. In the film, it can be asserted that Elizabeth I also fitted in the profiles of the former mentioned writers in gender differences. However, in order to know whether she was effective in applying transformational leaders hip, one must look at the environment she was leading (Avolio, 1994). In her case, it was appropriate to use such a method. Conclusion The Dubrin model derives some of its qualities from trait theories of leadership and although these theories are quite effective in their simplicity, the model’s major weakness lies in the fact that some leaders can possess a set of traits but may not always be effective. This means that direct linkage is absent in this scenario. Also, the model incorporates behavioural aspects of leadership but the problem with this approach is sometimes the situations may be too many to accommodate. This model places a lot of focus on individuals in executive positions especially because they are the ones who have the capacity to transform an organisation. Consequently, other members of the leadership team may not find it easy to use the model in order to assess whether they are effective or not in their respective capacities. Also, the model does not includ e decision making leadership goals/ organisational goals and gender contributions to leadership. This is the reason why the normative decision making model, contingency model, gender theories and the path goal theory are also imperative in assessment of leadership effectiveness since they accommodate other facets of leadership. References Avolio, B. (1994). The natural: some antecedents to transformational leadership. International journal of public administration, 17(4), 1559-1581 Bass, B. Avolio, B. (1994). Improving organisational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications Bennis, M. (1989). Managing the dream: leadership in the 21st C. Journal of Organisation Change Management, 2(1), 7 Draft, R. (1999). Leadership: theory and practice. NY, Harcourt brace college publishers Druskat, V. (1994). Gender and leadership style: transformational and transactional leadership in the Roman Catholic Church. Leadership quarterly, 5(2), 67-78 Dubr in, A., Dalglish, C. Miller, P. (2006). Leadership. Australia, John Wiley and Sons Eagly, H. Johnson, B. (1990). Gender and leadership style: a meta analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108(4), 233-256 Fielder, F. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. McGrawhill, Harper and Row publishers Heilman, M. (1989). Has anything changed? Current characterisations of men and women and managers. Journal of applied psychology, 74(3), 935-842 House R. (1996). Path goal theory of leadership: lesson, legacy and a reformulated theory. Leadership quarterly, 7(3), 323:352 Judge, T., Bono, J., Ilies, R. Gerhardt, M. (2002). Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review: Journal of applied psychology, 87(3), 765-780 Komives, M. (1991). Gender differences in the relationship of hall directors’ transformational and transactional leadership and achieving styles. Journal of College student development, 32(4), 155-165 Luthans, F. (1992). Organisational personality trait. NY, McGrawhill Vroom, V. Yetton, P. (1973). Leadership and decision making. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Press Vecchio, R. (1987). Situational leadership theory: an examination of a prescriptive theory. Journal do applied psychology, 3(72), 444-451 This report on Leadership effectiveness in the film Elizabeth was written and submitted by user Memph1s to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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